Viral load refers to the number of copies of the virus in a sample (for example, in the droplets that leave our mouth and nose). The speed with which the droplets leave your mouth and nose also influences how far they travel – sneeze droplets will travel furthest. Breathing produces fewer droplets overall and they are generally smaller. A cough produces more droplets overall and a greater proportion of them are larger. The number and size of droplets vary depending on the activity. The smaller droplets, carrying fewer particles, can remain suspended in the air for hours. The larger droplets, which carry more virus particles, settle more quickly due to gravity. The size of these droplets varies – some may be millimetres in size and some might be many thousands of times smaller. When we breathe, talk, cough and sneeze, thousands of droplets are expelled from our mouth and nose. There is no single calculation we can make to determine a safe distance.
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